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Repurposing gas infrastructure for hydrogen - dream or reality?

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Hooman Haghighi
Global 能源 Transition Manager
Adam Cooper
Business Development Manager

2021年,英国天然气需求为861太瓦时,而电力需求为334太瓦时.

The use of natural gas, particularly for heating, is estimated to account for over 40% of the UK’s total carbon emissions; a staggering 170 million tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e). 相比之下,交通运输产生的排放量约占英国总排放量的30%.

很明显,英国天然气电网的脱碳对于实现政府到2050年实现净零碳排放的目标至关重要. So how to prioritise?

国内用于取暖和烹饪的天然气占英国整体天然气需求的主导地位. Combine this with heavy industry and other industrial usage, these three sectors are responsible for over 70% of demand. 低碳氢在支持英国天然气电网脱碳方面发挥着重要作用. “尽可能电气化”被业界广泛认为是支持英国脱碳努力的最有效方法之一. 然而,从技术经济角度来看,电气化并非适用于所有用例.

氢 blending

A 20% 氢 blend is estimated to reduce carbon emissions equivalent to 2.5 million cars a year, totalling an approximate carbon saving of 4.2 MtCO2e.

Evidence published so-far indicates that household appliances, such as boilers and hobs can safely operate on a 20% 氢 blend, 当天然气网络过渡到氢混合燃料时,最大限度地减少对消费者的干扰. 但关键问题仍然存在——当前的输配电基础设施是否具备支持这种转变的能力?

While we might not be 100% there today, extensive work is being carried out, 特别是通过专注于H2混合操作准备的传输和分配网络. 这涉及技术和安全评估领域,包括资产完整性评估, system modelling, billing methodologies, appliances (incl. metering) safety assessments, village trials etc. As an example, 欧洲氢主干计划,计划重新利用约70%的现有基础设施. 许多中游天然气运营商正在评估向其网络中注入高达100% H2的混合物的影响.

扩大国内氢气生产规模是支持英国天然气电网脱碳的关键因素. Following BEIS’ consultation on a business model for Low Carbon 氢 in 2021, 最近宣布了氢商业模式(HBM)和净零氢基金市场参与活动. The HBM’s are structured to kick-start the UK’s 氢 production economy, 能够基于商业模式支持部署氢气生产项目, in the form of revenue support and grant-funding. 这将有助于提高氢气生产领域的规模经济,并提高氢气相对于天然气的竞争力.

Wood致力于设计和支持全球输配电网络的运营. Wood has been assuring the transport of >10% of gas supply and >30% of LNG supply across the world. 此外,Wood还支持了主要的H2运输和H2混合项目,包括 HyNet NW 氢 Project (UK) 氢混合(再利用)成为中东最大的天然气输送网络之一.

Additionally, 还动员了一个内部氢气管道工作组,该工作组由跨学科主题专家组成,专注于理解和解决风险,包括:管道设计和代码遵从性, material compatibility, pipe mill qualifications, H2 flow assurance and pipeline operations.

我们的专家团队可以解决与氢运输相关的具体挑战, including but not limited to flow assurance, material and equipment selection, 总支出(TOTEX)估算和新管道和重新利用管道的符合性.

许多可能的绿色氢来源的高度瞬态和分布特性增加了一个相当复杂的因素.  To ensure that integrity limits are maintained, and energy content swings controlled, 氢气浓度必须在整个电网中以高时间和特殊分辨率进行跟踪和监测.

Virtuoso®: Advance solution to monitor blending

H2 being such a small molecule, 正确的恒电网瞬态建模需要使用复杂的模型和专门的瞬态模型. 当氢气逐渐添加到现有的天然气网络(不同的来源)时,混合比例的测量和跟踪将是重要的, locations, 纯度, 等),因为它会影响系统或时间的某一点的集中度,从而影响消费者在整个网络中收取的成本.

不同H2混合项目的系统建模和设计得益于Wood的专业和现场验证的H2建模技术Virtuoso®. Wood用于H2建模和跟踪的先进热液模型(Virtuoso®)的详细信息已经在之前介绍过,信息可以在其他地方找到[参考文献]. 1, 2 and 3].

Virtuoso®可用于在线和离线监测以及氢气跟踪和分配, e.g., 出于诚信的原因,同时也确保沃伯指数是一致的,并满足所有客户的合同义务.

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